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ZONING BOARD OF APPEALS Packet - 11/7/2018CITY OF MUSKEGO ZONING BOARD OF APPEALS AGENDA 11/07/2018 7:00 PM Muskego City Hall, W182 S8200 Racine Avenue CALL TO ORDER PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE ROLL CALL STATEMENT OF PUBLIC NOTICE APPROVAL OF THE MINUTES Approval of Minutes of the August 2, 2018 Meeting NOTICE OF CLOSED SESSION PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that the Board of Appeals of the City of Muskego may convene, upon passage of the proper motion, into closed session pursuant to Section 19.85(1)(a) of the State Statutes for the purpose of deliberating concerning cases which were the subject of a quasi- judicial hearing; said cases being the appeals described below. The Board of Appeals will then reconvene into open session. OLD BUSINESS NEW BUSINESS Appeal #04-2018 Petitioner: Forrest and Erin Sirovina Property: S82 W13115 Acker Drive / Tax Key No. 2209.956 REQUESTING: Under the direction of Chapter 400 Zoning: Section 400-13 Appeals, the petitioner seeks the following variance: Chapter 400 - Zoning Ordinance: Section 400-31B.(1) – Adequate Drainage Required Adequate drainage required. No principal building shall be erected, structurally altered, or relocated on land which is not adequately drained at all times nor which is subject to periodic flooding, nor so that the lowest floor level is less than two feet above the highest anticipated seasonal groundwater level. An occupancy permit and zoning permit shall not be issued for any lot where the grading plan approved for that lot at the time of its platting has not been accomplished. The lowest floor of a home is required to have a vertical separation of two (2) feet above the highest anticipated seasonal groundwater level. The petitioner is requesting to be allowed to be 2.82 feet below the highest anticipated seasonal groundwater level with the construction of a new home, and is therefore requesting a 4.8-foot (vertical) variance from the required highest anticipated seasonal groundwater level separation. CLOSED SESSION OPEN SESSION Packet Page 1 MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS ADJOURN NOTICE IT IS POSSIBLE THAT MEMBERS OF AND POSSIBLY A QUORUM OF MEMBERS OF OTHER GOVERNMENTAL BODIES OF THE MUNICIPALITY MAY BE IN ATTENDANCE AT THE ABOVE-STATED MEETING TO GATHER INFORMATION; NO ACTION WILL BE TAKEN BY ANY GOVERNMENTAL BODY AT THE ABOVE-STATED MEETING OTHER THAN THE GOVERNMENTAL BODY SPECIFICALLY REFERRED TO ABOVE IN THIS NOTICE. ALSO, UPON REASONABLE NOTICE, EFFORTS WILL BE MADE TO ACCOMMODATE THE NEEDS OF DISABLED INDIVIDUALS THROUGH APPROPRIATE AIDS AND SERVICES. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION OR TO REQUEST THIS SERVICE, CONTACT MUSKEGO COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT, (262) 679-4136. Packet Page 2 Unapproved CITY OF MUSKEGO ZONING BOARD OF APPEALS MINUTES August 02, 2018 6:00 PM Muskego City Hall, W182 S8200 Racine Avenue CALL TO ORDER Chairman Blumenfield called the meeting to order at 6:00 PM. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE Those present recited the Pledge of Allegiance. ROLL CALL Present: Dr. Blumenfield, Mr. Schneiker, Mr. Le Doux, Mr Ristow and Mr. Robertson, Excused: Mr. Petfalski and Dr. Kashian. STATEMENT OF PUBLIC NOTICE The meeting was noticed in acordance with the open meeting laws. NOTICE OF CLOSED SESSION OLD BUSINESS NEW BUSINESS Appeal #03-2018 Petitioner: Michael Larsen Property: S71 W17637 Lake Drive / Tax Key No. 2193.996 REQUESTING: Under the direction of Chapter 17 Zoning Ordinance: Section 3.089(1) Appeal Provisions, Petitioner seeks the following variance: Chapter 17 - Zoning Ordinance: Section 15.05(9) - Walkways Walks, drives, paved terraces, mechanical appurtenances for all single-family and two-family structures (such as air conditioners, venting, and service panels), and purely decorative garden accessories (such as pools, fountains, statuary, flag poles, etc.) where subject to "permanent structure" classification shall be permitted in setback and offset areas but not closer than 3 feet to an abutting property line other than a street line. An offset of three (3) feet from the side lot line is required for sidewalks/walkways on the above mentioned lot. The petitioner seeks an offset of 1.2 feet from the west side lot line to keep an unapproved sidewalk/walkway, and is therefore requesting a 1.8-foot variance from the required side offset. Mr. Schneiker swore in the following: Troy Tveitnes, S71 W17659 Lake Drive Lisa Twinde, S71 W17659 Lake Drive Brian Ganos, S71 W17665 Lake Drive Page 1 of 3 Approval of Minutes of the August 2, 2018 Meeting Packet Page 3 Mike Larson, S71 W17637 Lake Drive Adam Trzebiatowski, Planning Manager Mr. Larsen explained the original retaining was failing and he hired a contractor to rebuild the wall in the same location. After the retaining was built the wall was used as a form to pour a new concrete walk and steps in the same location as the original walkway and steps. The original walkway, steps, and wall were done about 26 years ago. The walkway is used as an access to get around the house. Mr. Larsen stated he didn't know he needed a permit and the contractors did not tell him he did. Mr. Larsen stated his hardship is the health condition of his parents and being able to get them around the house and down to the lake and also being able to carry oversized items around the house. Dr. Blumenfield questioned if the parents lived with him. Mr. Larsen stated they do not. Mr. Schneiker questioned if Mr. Larsen hired a contractor to do the work. Mr. Larsen stated he hired Juan and Carlos off of a referral. Mr. Larsen stated he never asked them if they took out a permit. Dr. Blumenfield questioned Mr. Larsen if he thought he might need a permit. Mr. Larsen stated he did not think he would need a permit because he was replacing what was already there. Troy Tveitnes S71 W17659 Lake Drive: - northwest neighbor to Mr. Larsen - work was done without a permit - requesting if repairs are required they are done immediatly Mr. Le Doux asked Mr. Tveitnes if the the lot level is at the same height for both properties. Mr. Tveitnes said they are. Mr. Le Doux asked if the retaining wall is beneficial for both properties. Mr. Tveitnes stated he isn't sure if it was built in the same spot and stated it is in violation of the ordinance by not having a permit. Lisa Twinde, S71 W17659 Lake Drive: - stated her property was damaged during the construction of this project - Mr. Larson should have known he needed permits because he is friends with a concrete contractor Brian Ganos, S71 W17665 Lake Drive: - neighbor - stated the cul-de-sac drains towards Mr. Larsen's property. The retaining wall and sidewalk provide a place for the water to flow. If the walkway was removed, the wall could be damaged by the drainage. Mr. Trzebiatowski gave the city's opinion based on the zoning code. Mr. Trzebiatowski explained in middle 2017 it came to the city's attention that work was done on a walkay without a permit and may be in violation of the code by being too close to the lot line. The code requires a 3-foot offset to the lot line. The property owner is requesting an offset of 1.2 feet and would require a variance of 1.8 feet. Staf is recommending denial of the appeal and further recommends the walkway be replaced with grass. Deliberatons: Mr. Le Doux made a motion to approve Appeal 03-2018 as submitted. Mr. Ristow seconded. Dr. Blumenfiled explained she hasn't seen a hardship in this appeal. Mr. Schneiker agreed. Upon a roll call vote Appeal 03-2018 was denied 5-0. Mr. Le Doux made a motion to require a deadline for compliance for 6 months from the date of this meeting. Mr. Robertson seconded. Page 2 of 3 Approval of Minutes of the August 2, 2018 Meeting Packet Page 4 Upon a voice vote, the motion carried 5-0. CLOSED SESSION OPEN SESSION APPROVAL OF THE MINUTES FROM THE MAY 24, 2018 MEETING Mr. Robertson made a motion to approve the minutes from the May 24, 2018 meeting. Mr. Le Doux seconded. Motion carried unanimously. MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS ADJOURN Mr. Robertson made a motion to adjourn at 6:45 PM. Mr. Le Doux seconded. Motion carried unanimously. Respectfully submitted, Kellie McMullen Recording Secretary Page 3 of 3 Approval of Minutes of the August 2, 2018 Meeting Packet Page 5 Appeal # 04-2018 ZBA 11/07/2018 Page 1 of 5 City of Muskego City Response to Variance Application Zoning Board of Appeals Supplement 04-2018 For the meeting of: November 7, 2018 REQUESTING: A variance from Chapter 400 - Zoning Ordinance: Section 400-31B.(1) Adequate drainage required. No principal building shall be erected, structurally altered, or relocated on land which is not adequately drained at all times nor which is subject to periodic flooding, nor so that the lowest floor level is less than two feet above the highest anticipated seasonal groundwater level. An occupancy permit and zoning permit shall not be issued for any lot where the grading plan approved for that lot at the time of its platting has not been accomplished. APPELLANT: Forrest & Erin Sirovina LOCATION: S82 W13115 Acker Drive / Tax Key No. 2209.956 CITY’S POSITION PRESENTED BY: Adam Trzebiatowski AICP, City Representative BACKGROUND First off, it is important to note that the applicant includes details for two separate appeal requests within their submittal. First, they are asking for an administrative appeal based on the City interpretation/opinion of our code and state codes (Uniform Dwelling Code – UDC). Second, they are asking for a dimensional variance to be allowed to build below the highest anticipated seasonal groundwater level (further identified as HASGL). The overall request relates to the City’s code requiring that the lowest floor of a home be built at least two feet above the HASGL. The applicant’s builder had asked the City some questions before a building permit was applied for, at which time the groundwater separation was brought up. At this time it is believed that the current applicant may have already purchased the lot. The applicant applied for a new home permit back in August 2018 and it was placed on HOLD by the Engineering Department since the proposed elevation of the lowest floor, which is the basement, of the home was not two feet above the HASGL. Before this time, on May 16, 2018, the applicant’s father-in-law (Scott Schulpius) contacted the State of Wisconsin Department of Safety and Professional Services (DSPS) because they believed that the City was being more restrictive than the State’s Uniform Dwelling Code (UDC), which is not allowable. Initially, Jenny Roets, a UDC Consultant with DSPS, sent an email to Scott Schulpius on May 18, 2018 and stated that she believed that the City was being too restrictive. The City did not then receive this info until after the permit was applied for in August 2018. When the City received this correspondence, one of the City’s Building Inspectors, Jared Stawicki, reached out to Jenny Roets via phone to discuss this concern on August 30, 2018. Per Jared Stawicki, Jenny Roets from DSPS stated that this topic was not her area of expertise and that she suggested that we talk with her supervisor, Michael McNally for more details/info. Per that recommendation, two separate City staff members, Scott Kroeger – Public Works & Development Director and Jared Stawicki – Building Inspector, then reached out to Michael McNally via phone. Scott and Jared both had very similar conversations with Michael McNally. In those conversations Michael McNally stated that while he can see this situation both ways, the only way that he and his department could make a formal determination would be to have the applicant file a formal complaint/review through DSPS. This same info was eventually provided to the City in an email correspondence between Michael McNally and the applicant. Per the City’s knowledge to this point, we do Page 1 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 6 Appeal # 04-2018 ZBA 11-07-2018 Page 2 of 5 not believe that a formal complaint/review through DSPS has been applied for yet. It is our understanding that since that DSPS review can possibly take up to or over a year, the applicants are not pursuing that option and are trying to proceed through the Zoning Board of Appeals option instead. The City also mentioned to the applicant that if they feel there are any questions and/or discrepancies with the soil test that they have already had done, then they are welcome to have further tests/exploration done. The lot is currently vacant and is zoned RSE, Suburban Estate District. The property is located on Acker Drive. The petitioner is seeking the following requests: 1. Administrative Appeal – Appealing the City interpretation of our code and how it follows the UDC requirements: The applicant believes the City and its code relating to the highest anticipated seasonal groundwater level separation is stricter than the UDC, which is not allowable. 2. Dimensional Variance - An exception to the lowest floor being 2 feet above the HASGL for the allowance of a new home: The lowest floor of a home is required to have a vertical separation of two (2) feet above the highest anticipated seasonal groundwater level. The petitioner is requesting to be allowed to be 2.82 feet below the highest anticipated seasonal groundwater level with the construction of a new home, and is therefore requesting a 4.8-foot (vertical) variance from the required highest anticipated seasonal groundwater level separation. DISCUSSION Request #1 - Administrative Appeal Review of the City Codes and the UDC on this topic by the City’s Engineering staff, Planning staff and Building Inspection staff all come to the same conclusion that the two foot above the HASGL requirement is valid and needs to be followed. This requirement was placed in the code as a safeguard for the homeowners so that they do not have to contend with the issues that can come up with building homes in/below the groundwater. This type of separation requirement is common in many portions of southeastern Wisconsin. Some of the government agencies that have such regulations include Waukesha County, Town of Mukwonago, Town of Vernon, Village of Menomonee Falls, and Town of Lisbon, just to name a few. These government agencies require a distance above the HASGL between one to three feet. One of the concern with a home is placed within the groundwater is where all of the discharged groundwater goes once it is pumped to the surface. This water has the potential of being pumped 24/7 and all of that water has to flow somewhere. This could mean possible concerns with ditches and culverts being able to handle this potentially constant flowing water. This could even possibly lead to potential flooding of adjacent lands and/or the need for further public improvements to handle a possible constant flow and/or pooling of water. The above noted City staff members all interpret the UDC to not specifically regulate the height above groundwater but rather state that if the house is below the groundwater level that sump pumps are then required. The UDC never states that houses have to be allowed below the groundwater level and the UDC never states that a municipality cannot regulate the height above groundwater level. This is similar to when the UDC states that if a building had over two stories that it has to have a certain type of egress, but that does not mean that the City has to allow a building that is over two stories tall. Or when the UDC states that a dwelling can be located with no lot line setback if certain fire rated construction occurs, that Page 2 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 7 Appeal # 04-2018 ZBA 11-07-2018 Page 3 of 5 does not mean that that City has to allow a dwelling with no setback as we are allowed to have our own setback/offset regulations. For the Administrative Appeal portion of this request, staff does not see any incorrect interpretations of the City code and/or of the UDC. The City suggests that if the applicant really feels there is some type of misinterpretation or incorrect application of the code, then the applicant should seek proper formal review from DSPS as the DSPS opinions they have provided to this point are noted to not be construed as a formal code interpretation. Request #2 - Dimensional Variance Based upon the information submitted, staff does not see a valid hardship to allow the lowest level of the home 2.8 feet below the HASGL. There are other design options that can be pursued that do not require a home to be built into the groundwater. A home can be built without a basement, a split level home could possibly be built, and/or the home may be able to be brought out of the ground partially. As convenient as basements can be, there are some homes in Muskego that do not have them due to groundwater concerns. Additional surface level storage can be built to accommodate a storage need that the basement may have achieved. Also, if there are storm safety concerns, appropriately protected rooms can be built on the main floor of the home in case of a weather emergency. The owner has stated in their submittal that they believe the home should be allowed below the HASGL for the following reasons: • The elevation of the home, if the code would be followed, would be too high. • Raised decks, stairways, and landings would be required if the home were built two feet above the HASGL. • Soil tests should only be required to determine bearing capacity of the soil, not to determine “anticipated seasonal” high ground water. • The soil test only notes an “anticipated” – but not truly known – ground water elevation. • Compliance with City code would force a redesign of the home that would eliminate the basement and build a slab on grade home. This would then cause a larger footprint to make up for loss of storage. • The original design is aesthetically appealing and provides a negligible impact to the neighboring properties. • This is an established lot that used to contain a home, which was previously destroyed by fire. This means there are adjacent homes that limit the extent of grading. • When the owners purchased the lot, they asked about building restrictions and were referred to the website and handouts. At that time they were not specifically told a soil test may be required. • The applicants did have 36 people (some of which are from the same household) in the general area of their proposed home site sign a sheet that states “Please see attached for signatures of citizens of the City of Muskego in supports of the new home construction building plans for S82 W13115 Acker Drive. The new home construction plans we’re reviewed by these citizens and enclosed signatures represent endorsement of proposed build.” NOTE - Please see the applicant’s full submittal for full details on their request as the above noted info is a summary. Relating to the reasons that the applicant has noted in their application (and noted above) for their request, here is a summary of the variance standards that are applicable to this case and some staff comments relating to the applicants statements as noted above and in their application/submittal: • Zoning Case Law states that “self-imposed hardships” and “circumstances of applicant” are not grounds for granting a variance, such as not being open to designing a home that works with the code requirements adopted by code. If alterations to the original design can occur, then that option should be pursued. Page 3 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 8 Appeal # 04-2018 ZBA 11-07-2018 Page 4 of 5 • Zoning Case Law states that “lack of objections from neighbors does not provide grounds for granting a variance”, if applicable. Even though there was a document submitted that was signed by neighbors in the area, the document does not make any reference to the elevation of the home, the groundwater concerns, and/or the possible pumping that could result from the home being located within the groundwater level. This brings up the question of did the residents that signed the document fully understand what might actually be proposed in this case. • Zoning Case Law states that the Board may only grant the minimum variance needed, if they are even going to grant any variance. In a case like this, there are other options that could be looked at that do not require the home to be 2.82 feet below the groundwater level. As is noted above, there are options that can require less of a variance or no variance at all. • Zoning Case Law states that “financial hardship” does not justify granting of a variance. The cost, if any, to alter the design of the home to accommodate the groundwater level should not figure into the variance decision. There may even be the case to be made that if the house ends up not having a basement, there may be cost savings there to help with ground level storage, if needed. • Per the Zoning Board Handbook (2nd Addition, 2006), to qualify for a variance, an applicant has the burden of proof to demonstrate that all three criteria in the statutes are met (unnecessary hardship, unique property limitations, and no harm to public interest). Below is a breakdown of the three items: o Unnecessary Hardship – Unnecessary hardship exists when compliance would unreasonably prevent the owner from using the property for the permitted purpose (leaving the property owners without any use that is permitted for the property) or would render conformity with such restrictions “unnecessarily burdensome”. If the two foot separation above the HASGL were followed per City code, there still could be a home built on this lot, it just may look a little different in design and/or stature. There still is the ability to build a single-family home on this property. o Unique Property Limitations – Unnecessary hardship must be due to physical limitations of the property. While the soil test shows that the HASGL is higher on this property, this is not the only property in the City that has this situation. Some lot owners in this situation have chosen to build upward and some of them have chosen to not have basements. o No Harm to Public Interest – A variance may not be granted which results in harm to public interest. If the home is built into the groundwater there could possibly be concerns with yard flooding (on this lot or others), ditches being full, possible basement flooding if sump pumps fail or can’t keep up, and/or culverts not being able to handle the pumped water. • The integrity of the grades on this lot still need to be maintained, regardless of if there is a basement or not. • Possible continuing groundwater discharge, via the sump pump, could be problematic to the neighborhood if the home is placed within the groundwater. This could lead to possible issues with yard flooding (on this lot or others), ditches being full, possible basement flooding if sump pumps fail or can’t keep up, and/or culverts not being able to handle the pumped water. NOTE: Please remember that the City must base their recommendation upon a valid hardship as defined by State Law and Zoning Case Law. Zoning Case Law states that a hardship must be unique to the property, it cannot be self-created, and must be based upon conditions unique to the property rather than conditions personal to the property owner(s). Case Law also states that a hardship should be something that would unreasonably prevent the owner from using their property for the permitted purpose or would render conformity with such restrictions unnecessarily burdensome. The Zoning Board of Appeals needs to find a valid hardship in order to be able to approve a variance request. BASED UPON THE FOREGOING, THE CITY RESPECTFULLY REQUESTS: Denial of Appeal 04-2018 Item #1 (Administrative Appeal) as proposed. City staff and does not feel that the City’s code relating to height above the HASGL is more strict than the UDC as the UDC does not specifically talk about what the elevation of the lowest floor in relation to the HASGL. If the applicant truly feels that the City is more restrictive that the UDC, then the applicant should Page 4 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 9 Appeal # 04-2018 ZBA 11-07-2018 Page 5 of 5 follow the proper steps to have DSPS formally review this issue and make a formal ruling. At this time DSPS has not made a formal ruling and has specifically stated that any opinions they (DSPS) have provided to this point are noted to not be construed as a formal code interpretation. Once DSPS has come to a formal conclusion, then the City will have to either uphold the code as written or issue a permit per DSPS and State Statute requirements, depending on the outcome of the DSPS review. Denial of Appeal 04-2018 Item #2 (Dimensional Variance) as proposed, allowing a home with a basement that is located 2.82 feet below the HASGL, a 4.82 foot variance from the code required vertical separation; citing that a City code compliant home can still be built on this lot with some alterations to the plans. The hardships stated are self-imposed/self-created and are not the least variance necessary. A home can be built without a basement, a split level home could possibly be built, and/or the home may be able to be brought out of the ground partially. NOTE - If the Board is going to approve the requested variance(s), then the City Attorney suggests that a waiver of claim and a hold harmless agreement be established prior to permits being issued so that there is no liability to the City if/when flooding of this home and/or other home/yards occur. Page 5 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 10 MUSKEGOthe City of Area of InterestI0150300 Feet Agenda Item(s) Properties Zoning Districts Right-of-Way Hydrography Supplemental MapAPPEAL #04-2018 Forrest & Erin SirovinaS82 W13115 Acker Drive JANESVIL L E LOO M I S R D RA C I N E A V DU R H A M WOOD S CO L L E G E Prepared by City of Muskego Planning Department Date: 10/30/2018 Page 6 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 11 Page 7 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 12 Page 8 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 13 Page 9 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 14 Page 10 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 15 Page 11 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 16 Page 12 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 17 Page 13 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 18 Page 14 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 19 Page 15 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 20 Page 16 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 21 Page 17 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 22 Page 18 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 23 Page 19 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 24 Page 20 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 25 Page 21 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 26 Page 22 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 27 Page 23 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 28 Page 24 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 29 Page 25 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 30 Page 26 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 31 Page 27 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 32 Page 28 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 33 Page 29 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 34 Page 30 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 35 Page 31 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 36 Page 32 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 37 Page 33 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 38 Page 34 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 39 Page 35 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 40 Page 36 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 41 Page 37 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 42 Page 38 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 43 Page 39 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 44 Page 40 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 45 Page 41 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 46 Page 42 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 47 Page 43 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 48 Page 44 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 49 Page 45 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 50 Page 46 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 51 Page 47 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 52 Page 48 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 53 Page 49 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 54 Page 50 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 55 Page 51 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 56 Page 52 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 57 Page 53 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 58 Page 54 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 59 Page 55 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 60 Page 56 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 61 Page 57 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 62 Page 58 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 63 Page 59 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 64 Page 60 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 65 Page 61 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 66 Page 62 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 67 Page 63 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 68 Page 64 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 69 Page 65 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 70 Page 66 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 71 Page 67 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 72 Page 68 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 73 Page 69 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 74 Page 70 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 75 Page 71 of 71 Appeal #04-2018 Packet Page 76